OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists) Practice Exam

Which structures are part of the central nervous system?

1. Peripheral nerves

2. Somatic nerves

3. Spinal nerves

4. Brain and spinal cord

The correct answer is: Brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises two main structures: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the control center for processing information, thought, and memory, while the spinal cord serves as a pathway for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, facilitating reflex actions and control of bodily functions. Together, these structures work to coordinate and regulate the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. In contrast to the central nervous system, the peripheral nerves, somatic nerves, and spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS consists of all the neural elements outside the CNS and is responsible for transmitting information to and from the CNS as well as controlling voluntary and involuntary actions. Thus, the correct identification of the brain and spinal cord as components of the central nervous system highlights their crucial role in regulating and integrating body functions.